Government sector (for R&D data): To break down R&D expenditure by sector of performance and source of funds. Also to break down R&D personnel by sector of employment.

GERD by source of funds : Total intramural expenditure on R&D performed during a specific reference period, financed by different sectors of the economy (business enterprise, government, higher education, private non-profit organizations) or from “the rest of the world”.

Government sector (for R&D data): In the context of R&D statistics, the Government sector consists of the following groups of resident institutional units:
• All units of central (federal), regional (state) or local (municipal) government, including social security funds, except those units that provide higher education services or fit the description of higher education institutions (see the definition of Higher education sector).
• All non-market NPIs that are controlled by government units that are not part of the Higher education sector.
• This sector does not include public corporations, even when all the equity of such corporations is owned by government units. Public enterprises are included in the Business enterprise sector.

Purchasing power parity (PPP): Currency exchange rate that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. This means that a given sum of money, when converted into US dollars at the PPP exchange rate (PPP dollars), will buy the same basket of goods and services in all countries. In other words, PPP is the rate of currency conversion which eliminate the differences in price levels among countries. Thus, comparisons between countries reflect only differences in the volume of goods and services purchased.