Albania | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Algeria | | .. | 0.53 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
American Samoa | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Angola | | 0.03 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Argentina | | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.54 | 0.52 | .. |
Armenia | | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 |
Australia | | .. | 1.88 | .. | 1.83 | .. | .. | .. |
Austria | | 3.12 | 3.06 | 3.09 | 3.13 | 3.20 | 3.26 | .. |
Azerbaijan | | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.15 |
Bahrain | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Belarus | | 0.50 | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.54 | 0.46 | 0.48 |
Belgium | | 2.52 | 2.67 | 2.86 | 3.16 | 3.40 | 3.43 | .. |
Bermuda | | .. | .. | 0.23 | 0.26 | 0.23 | .. | .. |
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.19 |
Botswana | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Brazil | | 1.29 | 1.12 | 1.17 | 1.21 | 1.15 | .. | .. |
Brunei Darussalam | | .. | .. | 0.28 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Bulgaria | | 0.77 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.77 | .. |
Burkina Faso | | .. | 0.61 | .. | 0.17 | 0.25 | 0.25 | .. |
Burundi | | .. | .. | 0.21 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Cambodia | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Canada | | 1.73 | 1.69 | 1.74 | 1.76 | 1.89 | 1.70 | 1.55 |
Cabo Verde | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Chad | | 0.30 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Chile | | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.33 | .. | .. |
China | | 2.10 | 2.12 | 2.14 | 2.24 | 2.41 | 2.43 | .. |
China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region | | 0.79 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.93 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.07 |
China, Macao Special Administrative Region | | 0.23 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.49 |
Colombia | | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.29 | .. | .. |
Congo | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.41 |
Costa Rica | | 0.44 | 0.43 | 0.37 | .. | 0.33 | 0.28 | .. |
Côte d'Ivoire | | 0.07 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Croatia | | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.95 | 1.08 | 1.24 | 1.24 | .. |
Cuba | | 0.34 | 0.43 | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.32 | .. |
Cyprus | | 0.52 | 0.54 | 0.61 | 0.71 | 0.84 | 0.83 | .. |
Czechia | | 1.67 | 1.77 | 1.90 | 1.93 | 1.99 | 2.00 | .. |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Denmark | | 3.09 | 2.93 | 2.97 | 2.90 | 2.97 | 2.81 | .. |
Ecuador | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Egypt | | 0.71 | 0.64 | 0.69 | 0.80 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 1.02 |
El Salvador | | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.16 | .. |
Estonia | | 1.24 | 1.28 | 1.41 | 1.63 | 1.75 | 1.75 | .. |
Eswatini | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Ethiopia | | .. | 0.27 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Faeroe Islands | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Finland | | 2.72 | 2.73 | 2.76 | 2.80 | 2.91 | 2.99 | .. |
France | | 2.22 | 2.20 | 2.20 | 2.19 | 2.28 | 2.22 | .. |
Gabon | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Gambia | | .. | .. | 0.07 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Georgia | | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.24 |
Germany | | 2.94 | 3.05 | 3.11 | 3.17 | 3.13 | 3.14 | .. |
Ghana | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Greece | | 1.01 | 1.15 | 1.21 | 1.27 | 1.51 | 1.46 | .. |
Greenland | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Guam | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Guatemala | | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.06 | .. |
Honduras | | .. | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.06 | .. | .. | .. |
Hungary | | 1.18 | 1.32 | 1.51 | 1.47 | 1.59 | 1.64 | .. |
Iceland | | 2.11 | 2.08 | 2.00 | 2.34 | 2.49 | 2.81 | .. |
India | | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.65 | .. | .. |
Indonesia | | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.28 | .. | .. |
Iran (Islamic Republic of) | | .. | 0.76 | .. | 0.79 | .. | .. | .. |
Iraq | | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | .. |
Ireland | | 1.18 | 1.25 | 1.17 | 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.13 | .. |
Israel | | 4.47 | 4.62 | 4.78 | 5.22 | 5.71 | 5.56 | .. |
Italy | | 1.37 | 1.37 | 1.42 | 1.46 | 1.51 | 1.45 | .. |
Jamaica | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Japan | | 3.11 | 3.17 | 3.22 | 3.22 | 3.27 | 3.30 | .. |
Jordan | | 0.70 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Kazakhstan | | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.12 |
Kenya | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.41 |
Kuwait | | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.19 | .. | 0.08 |
Kyrgyzstan | | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
Lao People's Democratic Republic | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Latvia | | 0.44 | 0.51 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.73 | 0.74 | .. |
Lesotho | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Lithuania | | 0.84 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 1.13 | 1.11 | .. |
Luxembourg | | 1.27 | 1.24 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.09 | 1.04 | .. |
Madagascar | | 0.01 | 0.01 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Malawi | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Malaysia | | 1.42 | .. | 1.04 | .. | 0.95 | .. | .. |
Mali | | .. | 0.29 | .. | 0.16 | .. | 0.17 | .. |
Malta | | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.58 | 0.56 | 0.65 | 0.67 | .. |
Mauritania | | .. | .. | 0.01 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Mauritius | | .. | 0.35 | 0.33 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.37 | 0.31 |
Mexico | | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.27 |
Monaco | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Mongolia | | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.09 |
Montenegro | | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.50 | 0.36 | .. | .. | .. |
Morocco | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Mozambique | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Myanmar | | .. | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.04 |
Namibia | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Nepal | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Netherlands | | 2.15 | 2.18 | 2.14 | 2.18 | 2.32 | 2.31 | .. |
New Zealand | | .. | 1.35 | .. | 1.41 | .. | 1.45 | .. |
Nicaragua | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Niger | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Nigeria | | .. | .. | .. | 0.28 | .. | .. | .. |
North Macedonia | | 0.44 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.38 |
Norway | | 2.03 | 2.08 | 2.03 | 2.14 | 2.24 | 1.94 | .. |
Oman | | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.28 |
Pakistan | | .. | 0.21 | .. | 0.17 | .. | 0.16 | .. |
Palestine | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Panama | | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
Papua New Guinea | | 0.03 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Paraguay | | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.14 | .. |
Peru | | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.16 |
Philippines | | .. | .. | 0.32 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Poland | | 0.97 | 1.04 | 1.21 | 1.32 | 1.39 | 1.44 | .. |
Portugal | | 1.28 | 1.32 | 1.35 | 1.40 | 1.61 | 1.68 | 1.73 |
Puerto Rico | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Qatar | | .. | .. | 0.53 | .. | .. | 0.68 | .. |
Republic of Korea | | 3.99 | 4.29 | 4.52 | 4.63 | 4.80 | 4.93 | .. |
Republic of Moldova | | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
Romania | | 0.49 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.47 | .. |
Russian Federation | | 1.10 | 1.11 | 0.99 | 1.04 | 1.09 | 0.96 | 0.94 |
Rwanda | | 0.65 | .. | .. | 0.76 | .. | .. | .. |
Saint Helena | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Saint Lucia | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Saudi Arabia | | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.46 |
Senegal | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Serbia | | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.99 | 0.97 |
Seychelles | | 0.22 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Singapore | | 2.07 | 1.90 | 1.81 | 1.89 | 2.16 | .. | .. |
Slovakia | | 0.79 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.90 | 0.92 | .. |
Slovenia | | 2.01 | 1.87 | 1.95 | 2.04 | 2.14 | 2.13 | .. |
South Africa | | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.69 | 0.61 | 0.60 | .. | .. |
Spain | | 1.19 | 1.21 | 1.24 | 1.25 | 1.41 | 1.43 | .. |
Sri Lanka | | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | .. | 0.12 | .. | .. |
Sudan | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Sweden | | 3.25 | 3.36 | 3.32 | 3.39 | 3.49 | 3.42 | .. |
Switzerland | | .. | 3.08 | .. | 3.20 | .. | 3.36 | .. |
Syrian Arab Republic | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Tajikistan | | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | .. | .. |
Thailand | | 0.78 | 1.00 | 1.11 | 1.14 | 1.33 | 1.21 | .. |
Togo | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Trinidad and Tobago | | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | .. |
Tunisia | | 0.57 | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.75 | .. | .. | .. |
Türkiye | | 1.12 | 1.18 | 1.27 | 1.32 | 1.37 | 1.40 | .. |
Uganda | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Ukraine | | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.43 | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.33 |
United Arab Emirates | | 0.93 | .. | 1.26 | 1.31 | 1.49 | 1.50 | .. |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | | 2.31 | 2.32 | 2.70 | 2.67 | 2.93 | 2.91 | .. |
United Republic of Tanzania | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
United States of America | | 2.85 | 2.90 | 3.01 | 3.17 | 3.47 | 3.46 | .. |
United States Virgin Islands | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Uruguay | | 0.37 | 0.44 | 0.51 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.42 | .. |
Uzbekistan | | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.16 |
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | | 0.69 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Viet Nam | | .. | 0.42 | .. | 0.42 | .. | 0.43 | .. |
Zambia | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Zimbabwe | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Sustainable Development Goal Regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
World | | 1.73 | 1.75 | 1.78 | 1.83 | 1.95 | 1.93 | .. |
Landlocked Developing Countries | | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.20 | .. |
Least Developed Countries | | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.27 | .. |
Small Island Developing States | | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 1.05 | 0.71 | .. |
Sub-Saharan Africa | | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.33 | .. |
Northern Africa and Western Asia | | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 0.98 | .. |
Northern Africa | | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.61 | 0.67 | 0.74 | 0.74 | .. |
Western Asia | | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.07 | .. |
Central and Southern Asia | | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.54 | 0.55 | .. |
Central Asia | | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.13 | .. |
Southern Asia | | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.57 | 0.57 | .. |
Eastern and South-Eastern Asia | | 2.06 | 2.09 | 2.12 | 2.17 | 2.31 | 2.33 | .. |
Eastern Asia | | 2.41 | 2.45 | 2.48 | 2.55 | 2.69 | 2.71 | .. |
South-Eastern Asia | | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 1.05 | 1.07 | .. |
Latin America and the Caribbean | | 0.65 | 0.58 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.55 | .. |
Oceania | | 1.75 | 1.74 | 1.72 | 1.70 | 1.71 | 1.72 | .. |
Australia and New Zealand | | 1.81 | 1.80 | 1.79 | 1.77 | 1.77 | 1.77 | .. |
Europe and Northern America | | 2.29 | 2.32 | 2.36 | 2.44 | 2.62 | 2.59 | .. |
Europe | | 1.92 | 1.95 | 1.95 | 1.98 | 2.06 | 2.02 | .. |
Northern America | | 2.76 | 2.80 | 2.90 | 3.06 | 3.34 | 3.32 | .. |
UIS Regions | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
World | | 1.73 | 1.75 | 1.78 | 1.83 | 1.95 | 1.93 | .. |
Arab States | | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.59 | 0.62 | 0.61 | .. |
Central and Eastern Europe | | 1.01 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.09 | 1.14 | 1.10 | .. |
Central Asia | | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.15 | .. |
East Asia and the Pacific | | 2.05 | 2.08 | 2.10 | 2.16 | 2.29 | 2.31 | .. |
Latin America and the Caribbean | | 0.65 | 0.58 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.55 | .. |
North America and Western Europe | | 2.54 | 2.58 | 2.65 | 2.74 | 2.95 | 2.93 | .. |
South and West Asia | | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.57 | 0.57 | .. |
Sub-Saharan Africa | | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | .. |
Small Island Developing States | | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 1.09 | 0.72 | .. |
World Bank Income Groups | | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Low income countries | | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.21 | .. |
Lower middle income countries | | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.52 | .. |
Middle income countries | | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.12 | 1.17 | 1.26 | 1.25 | .. |
Upper middle income countries | | 1.37 | 1.37 | 1.39 | 1.46 | 1.58 | 1.56 | .. |
High income countries | | 2.42 | 2.46 | 2.53 | 2.60 | 2.77 | 2.76 | .. |